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BLOOD FLOW PATHWAY

BLOOD FLOW PATHWAY🔰 Introduction to Blood Circulation◾ The human heart pumps blood through a closed, continuous circulatory loop.◾ Blood circulates to deliver oxygen & nutrients, and remove CO₂ &…

Ay Abdullahi · Admin

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BLOOD FLOW PATHWAY

🔰 Introduction to Blood Circulation

â—¾ The human heart pumps blood through a closed, continuous circulatory loop.

â—¾ Blood circulates to deliver oxygen & nutrients, and remove COâ‚‚ & waste.

â—¾ Blood flow pathway consists of two main circuits:

◾ Pulmonary Circulation – between heart and lungs

◾ Systemic Circulation – between heart and body

â—¾ Begins with deoxygenated blood returning from the body to the heart.

🔰 Key Components

â—¾ Heart Chambers: RA, RV, LA, LV

â—¾ Valves: Tricuspid, Pulmonary, Mitral (Bicuspid), Aortic

â—¾ Major Vessels: Vena cava, Pulmonary artery, Pulmonary vein, Aorta

🔰 Step 1: Return of Deoxygenated Blood

â—¾ Blood from the body enters through:

◾ Superior vena cava – upper body

◾ Inferior vena cava – lower body

â—¾ Both vessels open into the Right Atrium (RA).

â—¾ Blood at this stage is low in oxygen and high in COâ‚‚.

🔰 Step 2: Right Atrium → Right Ventricle

â—¾ RA contracts and pushes blood through the:

â—¾ Tricuspid valve

â—¾ Blood enters the Right Ventricle (RV).

â—¾ The tricuspid valve ensures one-way flow and prevents backflow into RA.

🔰 Step 3: Right Ventricle to Lungs (Pulmonary Circulation)

â—¾ RV pumps blood through the:

â—¾ Pulmonic (Pulmonary) Valve

â—¾ Blood enters the Pulmonary Arteries.

â—¾ Unique Feature:

â—¾ Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood (exception among arteries).

â—¾ Blood travels to left & right lungs.

🔰 Gas Exchange in Lungs

â—¾ In lungs, blood undergoes oxygenation:

â—¾ COâ‚‚ is released

â—¾ Oâ‚‚ is absorbed

â—¾ Blood becomes oxygen-rich (bright red).

🔰 Step 4: Lungs → Left Atrium

â—¾ Oxygenated blood returns to the heart via:

â—¾ Pulmonary veins

â—¾ Unique Feature:

â—¾ Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood (exception among veins).

â—¾ Blood enters the Left Atrium (LA).

🔰 Step 5: Left Atrium → Left Ventricle

â—¾ LA contracts and sends blood through the:

â—¾ Mitral (Bicuspid) Valve

â—¾ Blood enters the Left Ventricle (LV).

🔰 Step 6: Left Ventricle → Body (Systemic Circulation)

â—¾ LV pumps oxygen-rich blood through the:

â—¾ Aortic Valve

â—¾ Blood enters the Aorta, the body's largest artery.

â—¾ Aorta distributes blood to:

â—¾ Brain

â—¾ Organs

â—¾ Muscles

â—¾ Tissues

â—¾ All body cells

🔰 Important Notes

◾ Pulmonary arteries → carry deoxygenated blood

◾ Pulmonary veins → carry oxygenated blood

â—¾ Valves ensure unidirectional flow and maintain pressure.

â—¾ LV has the thickest wall because it pumps blood to the entire body.

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